history of
chhattisgarh
Pre Historic Time
- Discovery of pre stone age tools : From Mahanadi Valley of Raigarh and caves of Singanpur
- Receipt of manual stone hoe : From Raigarh, Sighnapur
- Discovery of stone paintings and small stone tools of the Stone Age : from Sonbarsa
- Evidence of paintings : From Kabra Pahad, Raigarh (lizard, crocodile, axe, sambhar etc.)
- Long blade tools, crescent shaped microlithic tools : Kabra Pahad (Raigarh)
- Memorial stone circles : 500 stone circle monuments, Balod (Karahibhadar, Chirchari, Sorar) and Kondagaon (Garh Dhanora)
- Use of stone circles : Dead bodies were buried inside stone circles and covered with big stones
- Discovery of stone monuments : Garh Dhanora
- Excavation work of Mesolithic circles : Archaeologists Kavle and Ramendranath Mishra
- Mesolithic Age Tools : Crescent shaped microlithic tools, long bladed tools etc.
- Depictions of human figures, carved figures and tool shapes found : from Mahanadi valley of Dhanpur (Bilaspur) and caves of Singhanpur (Raigarh)
- Oldest rock paintings : Sighanpur cave paintings (painting in dark red colour)
- Human figures depicted in the paintings : sometimes straight, sometime stick-like and sometime ladder-like
- Singhanpur cavesare famous for : stone age rock paintings
- Changes in Neolithic Age :
1. Permanent residence
2. Animal husbandry
3. Pottery making
4. Cotton spinning
5. Temporary farming
- Production of Perforated Cube Tool : from Arjuni (Durg), Chitvadongri (Rajnandgaon) and Teram (Raigarh) of Chhattisgarh
- First information about Neolithic remains was given by : Dr. Ramendranath Mishra and Dr. Bhagwan Singh
Proto Historic Time
The time of this era is approximately 2300 to 1750 BC. Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civilization/Bronze Age Civilization is included in this, but evidence of this civilization has not been found from Chhattisgarh
Historic Time
- Prehistoric Era: Evidence of human settlement in Chhattisgarh dates back to the Stone Age, with numerous archaeological sites showing habitation.
- Nala Dynasty: The earliest known rulers of the region, contributing to its initial cultural development.
- Maurya Empire (4th-3rd Century BCE): The region was a part of the vast Mauryan Empire under Ashoka, spreading Buddhism and Mauryan culture.
- Satavahana Dynasty (1st Century BCE – 3rd Century CE): This dynasty influenced trade and cultural exchanges in the region.
- Sarabhapuriya Dynasty (6th Century CE): Known for their contributions to art and architecture, particularly temple construction.
- Panduvanshi Dynasty (7th-8th Century CE): Continued the legacy of temple architecture and cultural development.
- Kalachuri Dynasty (10th-12th Century CE): Established their rule in the region, known for administrative reforms and cultural patronage.
- Nagvanshi Dynasty: Ruled over Bastar, contributing to the region’s religious and cultural landscape.
- Somavamshi Dynasty: Also known as the Keshari dynasty, they ruled parts of the region, known for their architectural achievements.
- Chalukya Dynasty: Had periods of influence over Chhattisgarh, known for their contributions to regional governance and culture.
- Kakatiya Dynasty (12th-14th Century CE): The founder of Bastar’s princely state was from this dynasty, marking a significant era in Bastar’s history.
- Maratha Rule (18th Century): The Marathas annexed Chhattisgarh, introducing Maratha administrative systems and cultural influences.
- British Colonial Period (19th-20th Century): Chhattisgarh came under British control, experiencing infrastructural development and socio-economic changes.
- Post-Independence Era (1947 Onwards): After India’s independence, Chhattisgarh was part of Madhya Pradesh until it became a separate state on November 1, 2000.
- Statehood (2000-Present): As a new state, Chhattisgarh has focused on developing its rich natural resources, improving infrastructure, and promoting cultural heritage.